{"id":408512,"date":"2025-11-13T10:29:59","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T09:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/life-effect.org\/?page_id=408512"},"modified":"2026-01-27T03:53:19","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T02:53:19","slug":"what-is-the-ets2-how-does-the-ets2-work","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/life-effect.org\/cs\/what-is-the-ets2-how-does-the-ets2-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je ETS2?\/ Jak ETS2 funguje?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ background_color=“#F0EFEE“ background_image=“https:\/\/life-effect.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Life-effect-background-02-sky.png“ background_position=“top_left“ min_height=“2598.4px“ custom_padding=“163px|||0px||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ width=“91.5%“ module_alignment=“center“ min_height=“157.3px“ custom_margin=“0px|auto|-55px|180px|false|false“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text content_tablet=““ content_phone=““ content_last_edited=“on|phone“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ text_font=“–et_global_heading_font|700|||||||“ text_font_size=“50px“ min_height=“84.8px“ custom_padding=“||93px|||“ text_line_height_tablet=“1.7em“ text_line_height_phone=“1em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|tablet“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Co je ETS2?<\/span><\/span><\/span> Jak funguje ETS2?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_margin=“||20px||false|false“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_video src=“https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HvH_kkWlbrI&list=PLO7V2I5H3imGmprwxE_-NTDL-XqO2scGD“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_blurb content_max_width=“100%“ admin_label=“FContent V20 – Five – Empowering businesses across industries“ module_class=“fc5_blurb“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ header_font=“Barlow|600|||||||“ header_text_color=“#FFFFFF“ header_font_size=“18px“ header_line_height=“100%“ body_text_color=“gcid-heading-color“ width=“100%“ min_height=“810.5px“ custom_margin=“||0px||false|false“ custom_padding=“|||0px||“ animation=“off“ header_font_size_tablet=“18px“ header_font_size_phone=“16px“ header_font_size_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_css_blurb_title=“padding-bottom:18px;“ custom_css_blurb_content=“font-weight:400;“ inline_fonts=“Sofia Sans“ global_colors_info=“{%22gcid-heading-color%22:%91%22body_text_color%22%93}“ custom_css_blurb_title_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_css_blurb_title_tablet=“padding-top: 20px;||padding-bottom: 20px;“ custom_css_blurb_title_phone=“padding-top: 20px;||padding-bottom: 20px;“]Syst\u00e9m Evropsk\u00e9 unie pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi (EU ETS) je jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 EU pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k dosa\u017een\u00ed sv\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm emis\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.<\/span><\/span> ETS je regula\u010dn\u00ed trh, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee funguje nejen prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tr\u017en\u00edch pravidel, ale byl tak\u00e9 formov\u00e1n tv\u016frci politik s c\u00edlem bojovat proti zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uhl\u00edkem.<\/span><\/span> EU ETS uplat\u0148uje z\u00e1sadu \u201ezne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel plat\u00ed\u201c, podle n\u00ed\u017e by n\u00e1klady na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bli n\u00e9st ti, kdo ho zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/span> Stanoven\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016f na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed pob\u00eddka, kter\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele k minimalizaci jejich dopadu na klima, a t\u011bm, na kter\u00e9 se trh vztahuje, se vys\u00edl\u00e1 siln\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1l, aby se zav\u00e1zali k ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm.<\/span><\/span> Vznik\u00e1 nov\u00fd zdroj financov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti klimatu, proto\u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy z ETS se vynakl\u00e1daj\u00ed na opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti klimatu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m ETS1 za\u010dal fungovat v roce 2005 a zahrnuje emise z t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny a tepla a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i omezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leteck\u00e9 a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy.<\/span><\/span> Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem, kter\u00fd stanov\u00ed spr\u00e1vu a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi, je sm\u011brnice EU ETS, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je uv\u00e9st do provozu trh s uhl\u00edkem, kter\u00fd je \u201eekonomicky efektivn\u00ed\u201c a \u201ev\u011bdecky nezbytn\u00fd k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu\u201c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m ETS pro\u0161el v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let mnoha revizemi, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e posledn\u00ed aktualizace byla dokon\u010dena v roce 2023 jako sou\u010d\u00e1st bal\u00ed\u010dku \u201eFit for 55\u201c<\/a>.<\/span><\/span> V d\u016fsledku t\u00e9to revize byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny vybran\u00e9 emise z leteck\u00e9 a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy (v r\u00e1mci EU) a byl vytvo\u0159en zcela nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed cen uhl\u00edku (ETS2).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m ETS2 vstoup\u00ed v platnost v roce 2027 a bude uplat\u0148ovat cenu na obsah uhl\u00edku v palivu spalovan\u00e9m v budov\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a chlazen\u00ed na\u0161ich domov\u016f, a tak\u00e9 v palivu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9m v silni\u010dn\u00edch vozidlech.<\/span><\/span> Syst\u00e9m ETS2 se bude vztahovat i na mal\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s tepeln\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkonem pod 20 megawatt\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dty za energie ji\u017e do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed n\u00e1klady na uhl\u00edk z fosiln\u00edch paliv pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny, a to d\u00edky zahrnut\u00ed elekt\u0159iny do syst\u00e9mu ETS1.<\/span><\/span> S p\u0159\u00edchodem syst\u00e9mu ETS2 se v\u0161ak ceny uhl\u00edku v \u017eivotech ob\u010dan\u016f stanou znateln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, proto\u017ee budou muset platit za podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/span> A\u010dkoli ceny uhl\u00edku v syst\u00e9mu ETS2 reguluj\u00ed dodavatele paliva, ob\u010dan\u00e9 ponesou n\u00e1klady p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 z dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch cen u \u010derpac\u00edch stanic nebo v \u00fa\u010dtech za energie.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka nast\u00edn\u00ed, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv je syst\u00e9m ETS2 ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed EU o dekarbonizaci, nen\u00ed z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm a k dosa\u017een\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed jsou nal\u00e9hav\u011b zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a investice na \u00farovni EU i \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/span> Ka\u017ed\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed z budov a silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravy sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed cenu ETS2.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

St\u00e1hnout kapitolu v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/a>
\nSt\u00e1hnout Pr\u016fvodce ETS2 a Socian\u00edm klimatick\u00fdm fondem \u010desky<\/p>\n

 
\n[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_margin=“0px||0px||true|true“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=“gcid-heading-color“ open_toggle_background_color=“#B7DA9D“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#B7DA9D“ toggle_icon=“||divi||400″ icon_color=“gcid-heading-color“ use_icon_font_size=“on“ icon_font_size=“32px“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ toggle_text_color=“gcid-heading-color“ toggle_level=“h1″ toggle_font_size=“30px“ toggle_letter_spacing=“0.5px“ closed_toggle_font_size=“30px“ body_font=“Sofia Sans||||||||“ border_radii=“on|20px|20px|20px|20px“ border_width_all=“3px“ border_color_all=“gcid-heading-color“ global_colors_info=“{%22gcid-heading-color%22:%91%22open_toggle_text_color%22,%22toggle_text_color%22,%22border_color_all%22,%22icon_color%22%93}“][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Why was ETS2 created?“ open=“on“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“ toggle_level=“h1″ toggle_font=“|700|||||||“]1. Stanoven\u00ed ceny zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nejsou pln\u011b zohledn\u011bny skute\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 fosiln\u00ed paliva p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro na\u0161i spole\u010dnost, v\u010detn\u011b nemoc\u00ed a \u00famrt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nebo lidsk\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami.<\/span><\/span> Stanoven\u00ed ceny zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uhl\u00edkem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem k ukon\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti Evropy na dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 a cenov\u011b nest\u00e1l\u00e9 \u201e\u0161pinav\u00e9\u201c energii.<\/span><\/span> Fosiln\u00ed paliva budou postupn\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, jakmile strop ETS2 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed povolen\u00fdch emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/span> Cena obnoviteln\u00e9 energie a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 infrastruktury, jako jsou tepeln\u00e1 \u010derpadla nebo mo\u017enosti dopravy s nulov\u00fdmi emisemi, se mus\u00ed st\u00e1t relativn\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby motivovala lidi k p\u0159echodu na mo\u017enosti s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi emisemi.<\/span><\/span> I po sou\u010dasn\u00e9 krizi \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f nebude m\u00edt mnoho lid\u00ed prost\u0159edky k pln\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dasti na energetick\u00e9 transformaci a je t\u0159eba je v tom podporovat.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Bojovat proti pomal\u00e9mu sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed v budov\u00e1ch a silni\u010dn\u00ed doprav\u011b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Emise CO2 v silni\u010dn\u00ed doprav\u011b v posledn\u00edch letech pomalu klesaj\u00ed a silni\u010dn\u00ed doprava se pod\u00edl\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem na emis\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v odv\u011btv\u00ed dopravy, v roce 2022 p\u0159edstavovala 73,2 %<\/a>, co\u017e je pod\u00edl, kter\u00fd se od roku 1990 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nezm\u011bnil. Po\u010det automobil\u016f stabiln\u011b roste a r\u016fst osobn\u00ed i n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy nad\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje emise i p\u0159es zlep\u0161en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti vozidel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Emise CO2 v budov\u00e1ch tvo\u0159\u00ed 34 % emis\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s energi\u00ed v EU.<\/span><\/span> Mezi lety 2005 a 2022 emise klesly o 34 %<\/a> a p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 data za rok 2023 ukazuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00fd pokles.<\/span><\/span> Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s c\u00edlem EU pro rok 2040, kter\u00fdm je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed o 92 %<\/a>, v\u0161ak sou\u010dasn\u00e9 politiky dos\u00e1hnou pouze 53% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/a>, co\u017e ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba p\u0159eklenout.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00edlem ETS2 je sn\u00ed\u017eit emise v budov\u00e1ch a silni\u010dn\u00ed doprav\u011b do roku 2030 o 42 %<\/a> oproti \u00farovn\u00edm z roku 2005.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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3. Vysl\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Zaveden\u00edm ceny CO2 bude m\u00edt vytvo\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ETS2 pozitivn\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj siln\u00e9ho a jist\u00e9ho investi\u010dn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd s t\u00edm, jak trh dozr\u00e1v\u00e1 a bude k dispozici m\u00e9n\u011b povolenek na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed cenu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/span> To poskytne pr\u016fmyslu i lidem informace, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k investov\u00e1n\u00ed do sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch emis\u00ed ji\u017e nyn\u00ed, co\u017e je rozumn\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed strategie do budoucna.<\/span><\/span> Tento investi\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1l mus\u00ed b\u00fdt doprov\u00e1zen odstran\u011bn\u00edm v\u0161ech dotac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 usnad\u0148uj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv, a mus\u00ed zajistit, aby cenov\u00fd sign\u00e1l z\u016fstal siln\u00fd.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlaku na siln\u00e1 dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m ETS2 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v oblasti klimatu, ale aby se podpo\u0159il jeho dopad, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt sp\u00e1rov\u00e1n se siln\u00fdmi, dopl\u0148kov\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/span> Stanoven\u00ed cen uhl\u00edku zvy\u0161uje tlak na \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby investovaly do dopl\u0148kov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/span> Ji\u017e dohodnut\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je evropsk\u00e1 sm\u011brnice o energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti budov, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed normy energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti, normy CO2 a sm\u011brnice o energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti, nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt oslabov\u00e1na, proto\u017ee jejich implementace je pro \u00fasp\u011bch syst\u00e9mu ETS2 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1.<\/span><\/span> Krom\u011b toho by \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty m\u011bly j\u00edt je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l a investovat do dal\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je ekologizace firemn\u00edch vozov\u00fdch park\u016f, urychlen\u00ed program\u016f d\u016fkladn\u00e9 renovace byt\u016f a podpora odklonu od pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00fdch automobil\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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5. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti klimatu<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m ETS2 bude d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem financov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti klimatu.<\/span><\/span> Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy z ETS2 se vracej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, kter\u00e9 je mohou utratit za opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti klimatu nebo za soci\u00e1ln\u011b c\u00edlenou podporu v r\u00e1mci programu Soci\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho fondu. P\u0159i cen\u011b 55 eur za tunu CO2 se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edjmy do roku 2032 dos\u00e1hnou hodnoty p\u0159es 300 miliard eur.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Osvobozen\u00ed od fosiln\u00edch paliv<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m ETS2 vytvo\u0159\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fd tlak na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti Evropy na dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch palivech t\u00edm, \u017ee je zdra\u017e\u00ed, co\u017e zase posiluje argumenty pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed energetickou bezpe\u010dnost.<\/span><\/span> Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 krize uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee z\u00e1vislost Evropy na volatiln\u00edch trz\u00edch s fosiln\u00edmi palivy vystavila dom\u00e1cnosti a podniky n\u00e1hl\u00fdm cenov\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm.<\/span><\/span> Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to z\u00e1vislosti nejen stabilizuje n\u00e1klady, ale tak\u00e9 posiluje suverenitu a odolnost Evropy tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 geopolitick\u00fdm rizik\u016fm.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u2018Cap and trade\u2019 and EU Allowances (EUAs)“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“ toggle_level=“h1″ toggle_font=“|700|||||||“ open=“off“]Po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ETS2 v roce 2027 bude 75 % emis\u00ed CO2 v EU spadat pod pravidla trhu s uhl\u00edkem typu \u201ecap and trade\u201c.<\/span><\/span> ETS2 je odd\u011blen\u00fd trh od ETS1, kter\u00fd byl z\u0159\u00edzen v roce 2005 za \u00fa\u010delem uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed principu stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed cen uhl\u00edku \u201ezne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel plat\u00ed\u201c na emise zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem a odv\u011btv\u00edm v\u00fdroby energie.<\/span><\/span> V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech ETS1 do sv\u00e9ho portfolia p\u0159idal emise z leteck\u00e9ho a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho sektoru.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi funguje tak, \u017ee se na z\u00e1klad\u011b celkov\u00e9ho uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu uplat\u0148uje limit neboli \u201estrop\u201c na \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v dan\u00e9m roce vypu\u0161t\u011bno.<\/span><\/span> V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s celkov\u00fdm stropem je regulovan\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm (dodavatel\u016fm paliv jako jsou Shell a Engie v r\u00e1mci ETS2) prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dra\u017eby povolenek k dispozici ur\u010dit\u00fd po\u010det emisn\u00edch povolenek.<\/span><\/span> Dodavatel\u00e9 paliv si mus\u00ed zakoupit povolenky, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed emise z paliv, kter\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a mohou si povolenky ukl\u00e1dat nebo \u201ebankovat\u201c k pou\u017eit\u00ed z jednoho roku na druh\u00fd.<\/span><\/span> Prvn\u00edho ledna 2025 byl strop ETS2 pro rok 2027 stanoven na 1 036 288 784 povolenek.<\/span><\/span> Z celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vydra\u017een\u00fdch povolenek je 150 milion\u016f p\u0159id\u011bleno do Soci\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho fondu (SCF) a\u017e do maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty 65 miliard EUR do roku 2032, co\u017e je celkov\u00e1 stropn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka pro tuto politiku (v\u00edce o SCF viz odd\u00edl 5).<\/span><\/span> Celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed povolenek vydra\u017een\u00fdch pro SCF proto nen\u00ed stanoveno, ale je omezeno cenou povolenky.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u010det dostupn\u00fdch povolenek EU (EUA) \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 jednotka p\u0159edstavuje cenu jedn\u00e9 tuny emis\u00ed CO2 \u2013 se ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sni\u017euje v souladu s pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm emis\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povolen\u00e1 trhem se ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sni\u017euje o stanovenou \u010d\u00e1stku.<\/span><\/span> S povolenkami EUA lze obchodovat na voln\u00e9m trhu a bu\u010f je pou\u017e\u00edt k dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle pro dan\u00fd rok, nebo je ulo\u017eit pro budouc\u00ed spln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f v dal\u0161\u00edm roce.<\/span><\/span> Podle sou\u010dasn\u00e9 legislativy se do roku 2030 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 42% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed v budov\u00e1ch a silni\u010dn\u00ed doprav\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u00farovn\u011bmi z roku 2005 a po\u010det nov\u00fdch povolenek EUA, kter\u00e9 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vstoup\u00ed na trh, by m\u011bl do roku 2044 dos\u00e1hnout nuly.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota stropu vych\u00e1z\u00ed z c\u00edle sd\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed pro EU pro rok 2024 a z \u00farovn\u00ed emis\u00ed v odv\u011btv\u00edch ETS2 v letech 2016 a\u017e 2018. Z ETS1 bude p\u0159id\u011bleno SCF na jeho financov\u00e1n\u00ed v prvn\u00edm roce p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm ETS2, tedy v letech 2026\u20132027, 50 milion\u016f povolenek.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od ETS1 nebudou v r\u00e1mci ETS2 povolenky ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1ny zdarma, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dojde k dra\u017eb\u011b v\u0161ech povolenek a za ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky trhu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hrazeno.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“The Linear Reduction Factor“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“ toggle_level=“h1″ toggle_font=“|700|||||||“ open=“off“]Emisn\u00ed strop se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b sni\u017euje o pevnou \u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 je zalo\u017eena na tzv. line\u00e1rn\u00edm reduk\u010dn\u00edm faktoru (LRF).<\/span><\/span> LRF se vyjad\u0159uje jako procento z celkov\u00e9ho stropu v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm roce.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 korelace mezi m\u00edrou odchylky od \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (LRF) a \u00farovn\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch ambic\u00ed, proto\u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed LRF povede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu povolen\u00ed k zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, co\u017e v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku povede k men\u0161\u00edm emis\u00edm CO2.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

LRF je zpo\u010d\u00e1tku stanoven na 5,1 % stropu z roku 2024 pro rok 2027 a jakmile jsou k dispozici ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 \u00fadaje o emis\u00edch, je strop pro rok 2028 p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n s pou\u017eit\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o emis\u00edch z let 2024\u20132026, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e LRF je stanoven na 5,38 % a d\u00e1le.<\/span><\/span> LRF v ETS2 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee emise v zahrnut\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch se budou muset sni\u017eovat p\u011btkr\u00e1t rychleji<\/a>, ne\u017e se emise sni\u017eovaly mezi lety 2005 a 2021, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed o 62 milion\u016f tun CO2 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 11 miliony tun CO2.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“The Market Stability Reserve“ _builder_version=“4.27.4″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“ toggle_level=“h1″ toggle_font=“|700|||||||“ open=“off“]Syst\u00e9m ETS1 su\u017eovala nadm\u011brn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka povolenek EUA v d\u016fsledku mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kredit\u016f a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho poklesu, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee nab\u00eddka emisn\u00edch povolenek trvale p\u0159evy\u0161ovala popt\u00e1vku, co\u017e vedlo k cen\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9 na to, aby podn\u00edtily dekarbonizaci, a dos\u00e1hly minima pod 5 eury za tunu CO2.<\/span><\/span> V d\u016fsledku toho byla zavedena rezerva tr\u017en\u00ed stability neboli MSR.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

MSR funguje tak, \u017ee odeb\u00edr\u00e1 nebo p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 povolenky na trh v okam\u017eiku, kdy je dosa\u017eeno ur\u010dit\u00fdch prahov\u00fdch hodnot povolenek na trhu.<\/span><\/span> MSR tak efektivn\u011b udr\u017euje \u00farove\u0148 EUA na trhu v rozsahu mezi mno\u017estv\u00edmi pova\u017eovan\u00fdmi za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pro trh ETS1 s c\u00edlem podpo\u0159it dekarbonizaci.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli v r\u00e1mci ETS1 existuje rezerva tr\u017en\u00ed stability, je zcela odd\u011blen\u00e1 od MSR v ETS2 neboli \u201eMSR2\u201c.<\/span><\/span> Po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ETS2 v roce 2027 poskytne MSR2 trhu 600 milion\u016f povolenek.<\/span><\/span> Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 up\u0159esnit, \u017ee tyto povolenky byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nav\u00edc k emisn\u00edmu stropu ETS2 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 036 288 784 povolenek.<\/span><\/span> \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce povolenek tedy z MSR2 plyne na trh, t\u00edm v\u00edce bude p\u0159ekro\u010den uhl\u00edkov\u00fd rozpo\u010det pro odv\u011btv\u00ed ETS2.<\/span><\/span> Legislativa stanov\u00ed, \u017ee povolenky MSR jsou platn\u00e9 do konce roku 2030, kdy budou automaticky smaz\u00e1ny, co\u017e je ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto ozna\u010duje jako \u201eklauzule o z\u00e1niku platnosti\u201c.<\/span><\/span> Jedn\u00e1 se o d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok v boji proti nadm\u011brn\u00e9 nab\u00eddce v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech za sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f s vysok\u00fdmi emisemi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

MSR funguje tak, \u017ee reaguje na zm\u011bny v nadm\u011brn\u00e9 nebo nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 nab\u00eddce povolenek na trhu.<\/span><\/span> Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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