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ETS2 and energy costs: What are the benefits for consumers?

ETS2 and energy costs: What are the benefits for consumers?

by Gavin Mair | Oct 27, 2025

The real benefit for citizens and businesses does not lie in rejecting the introduction of ETS2, but in structurally correcting the current imbalances in taxation and parafiscal charges on energy carriers, to which ETS2 contributes.

Towards a sustainable transition: the social climate plan

Towards a sustainable transition: the social climate plan

by Gavin Mair | Oct 27, 2025

The Social Climate Fund and ETS2 transform a cost – that of CO₂ – into resources dedicated to supporting citizens and businesses in the transition. Delaying their implementation would cause direct harm to the country.

Energy taxation and fossil fuel subsidies in Italy

Energy taxation and fossil fuel subsidies in Italy

by Gavin Mair | Oct 27, 2025

The paper looks at the overall cost of energy consumption for the final consumer, which includes fiscal and parafiscal levies and the market mechanism linked to carbon pricing (ETS).

Study briefing – People behind the policy: Social impacts of EU ETS2 in Bulgaria, Czechia and Poland

Study briefing – People behind the policy: Social impacts of EU ETS2 in Bulgaria, Czechia and Poland

by Gavin Mair | Sep 25, 2025

Social impacts of EU ETS2 in Bulgaria, Czechia, and Poland

People Behind the Policy: Social Impacts of EU ETS2 in Bulgaria, Czechia, and Poland

People Behind the Policy: Social Impacts of EU ETS2 in Bulgaria, Czechia, and Poland

by Gavin Mair | Sep 15, 2025

Bulgaria, Czechia, and Poland. The aim of this study is to analyse what groups are likely to be most affected by the ETS2 in these countries, examine the current draft SCPs, and identify policy gaps.

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Life effect is implemented by a consortium of 8 NGOs working at national and European level

LIFE Effect is implemented by a consortium of 9 NGOs working at national and European level

About LIFE Effect

Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or CINEA. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

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